2021 수능 영어 문제 해설 - 2020.12.3.

 

영어 문제(2020-12-07 / 5.91MB / 3,944회)

 

영어 해설(2020-12-07 / 312.2KB / 3,279회)

 

2021학년도 대학수학능력시험 문제지  (제3교시)  영어 영역  홀수형  | 1번부터 17번까지는 듣고 답하는 문제입니다. 1번부터 15번까지는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다.  7. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 텐트를 반품하려는 이유를 고르시오.  1 크기가 작아서 2 캠핑이 취소되어서 3 운반하기 무거워서 4 설치 방법이 어려워서 5 더 저렴한 제품을 찾아서  1. 다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을  고르시오.  1 헬스클럽 할인 행사를 안내하려고 2 동영상 업로드 방법을 설명하려고 3 스포츠 중계방송 중단을 예고하려고 4 체육관 보수 공사 일정 변경을 공지하려고 5 운동 방법에 관한 동영상 채널을 홍보하려고  8. 대화를 듣고, Bradford Museum of Failure에 관해 언급되지  않은 것을 고르시오. 1 전시품  2 설립 목적 | 3 개관 연도 4 입장료  5 위치  2. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.  1 별 관찰은 아이들이 수학 개념에 친숙해지도록 도와준다. 2 아이들은 별 관찰을 통해 예술적 영감을 얻는다. 3 야외 활동이 아이들의 신체 발달에 필수적이다. 4 아이들은 자연을 경험함으로써 인격적으로 성장한다. 5 수학 문제 풀이는 아이들의 논리적 사고력을 증진시킨다.  9. National Baking Competition에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지  않는 것을 고르시오. 1 해마다 열리는 행사이다. 2 올해의 주제는 건강한 디저트이다. 3 20명이 결선에 진출할 것이다. 4 수상자들의 조리법이 잡지에 실릴 것이다. 5 웹 사이트에서 생중계될 것이다.  3. 대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오.  1 학생 - 건축가  2 신문 기자 - 화가 3 탐험가 - 환경 운동가 | 4 건물 관리인 - 정원사 5 교사 - 여행사 직원  Set  4. 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.  10. 다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 여자가 주문할 재사용 빨대  세트를 고르시오.  | Reusable Straw Sets (3 pieces)  Material  Length Carrying Price  (inches) | Case 1 A  Bamboo  $5.99 2 B  Glass  $6.99 3C Glass  $7.99 4 DI  Silicone 1 $8.99 5 E | Stainless Steel | $11.99  HOT CHOCOLATE  OOX  11. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장  적절한 것을 고르시오. 1 I don't feel like going out today. 2 You must get to the airport quickly. 3 How about going to the cafe over there? 4 I didn't know you wanted to go sightseeing. 5 Why didn't you wear more comfortable shoes?  5. 대화를 듣고, 남자가 여자를 위해 할 일로 가장 저절한 것을  고르시오. 1 사진 전송하기  2 그림 그리기 3 휴대 전화 찾기  4 생물 보고서 제출하기 5 야생화 개화 시기 검색하기  12. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장  적절한 것을 고르시오. 1 I see. Then I'll park somewhere else. 2 It's all right. I'll bring your car over here. 3 No thanks. I don't want my car to be painted. 4 Never mind. I'll pay the parking fee later. 5 Okay. I'll choose another car instead.  6. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오.  1 $180 2 $190 3 $200 4 $210  5 $230  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.  영어 영역  홀수형  13. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 | 18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?  적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]  Woman:  1 Sorry. I don't think I can wait until tomorrow for this one. 2 I agree. The displayed one may be the best option for me. 3 Oh, no. It's too bad you don't sell the displayed model. 4 Good. Call me when my washing machine is repaired. 5 Exactly. I'm glad that you bought the displayed one.  Dear Friends, | Season's greetings. As some of you already know, we are starting the campus food drive. This is how you participate. You can bring your items for donation to our booths. Our donation booths are located in the lobbies of the campus libraries. Just drop off the items there during usual library hours from December 4 to 23. The donated food should be non-perishable like canned meats and canned fruits. Packaged goods such as jam and peanut butter are also good. We will distribute the food to our neighbors on Christmas Eve. We truly appreciate your help. Many blessings, Joanna at Campus Food Bank  14. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장  적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]  Man:  1 Don't worry. I already found his briefcase. 2 Of course. You deserve to receive the award. 3 Don't mention it. I just did my duty as a citizen. 4 Definitely. I want to go to congratulate him myself. 5 Wonderful. It was the best ceremony I've ever been to.  1 음식 기부에 참여하는 방법을 안내하려고 2 음식 배달 자원봉사 참여에 감사하려고 3 도서관 이용 시간 변경을 공지 하려고 4 음식물 낭비의 심각성을 알려 주려고 5 크리스마스 행사 일정을 문의하려고  19. 다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?  15. 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Ben이 Stacy에게 할 말로 가장 적절한  것을 고르시오. [3점] Ben: 1 Feel free to take the tomatoes from my backyard. 2 Tell me if you need help when planting tomatoes. 3 Do you want the ripe tomatoes I picked yesterday? © Why don't we grow tomatoes in some other places? 5 Let me take care of your tomatoes while you're away.  Once again, I had lost the piano contest to my friend. When I learned that Linda had won, I was deeply troubled and unhappy. My body was shaking with uneasiness. My heart beat quickly and my face became reddish. I had to run out of the concert hall to settle down. Sitting on the stairs alone, I recalled what my teacher had said. “Life is about winning, not necessarily about winning against others but winning at being you. And the way to win is to figure out who you are and do your best.” He was absolutely right. I had no reason to oppose my friend. Instead, I should focus on myself and my own improvement. I breathed out slowly. My hands were steady now. At last, my mind was at peace.  1 grateful → sorrowful 2 upset → calm 3 envious → doubtful 4 surprised → disappointed 5 bored → relieved  20. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?  [16~17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오. 16. 남자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?  1 color change in nature throughout seasons 2 various colors used in traditional English customs 3 differences in color perceptions according to culture © why expressions related to colors are common in English 6 how color-related English expressions gained their meanings  17. 언급된 색깔이 아닌 것은?  1 blue  2 white 4 red  5 yellow  Developing expertise carries costs of its own. We can become experts in some areas, like speaking a language or knowing our favorite foods, simply by living our lives, but in many other domains expertise requires considerable training and effort. What's more, expertise is domain specific. The expertise that we work hard to acquire in one domain will carry over only imperfectly to related ones, and not at all to unrelated ones. In the end, as much as we may want to become experts on everything in our lives, there simply isn't enough time to do so. Even in areas where we could, it won't necessarily be worth the effort. It's clear that we should concentrate our own expertise on those domains of choice that are most common and/or important to our lives, and those we actively enjoy learning about and choosing from.  1 자신에게 의미 있는 영역을 정해서 전문성을 키워야 한다. 2 전문성 함양에는 타고난 재능보다 노력과 훈련이 중요하다. 3 전문가가 되기 위해서는 다양한 분야에 관심을 가져야 한다. 4 전문성을 기르기 위해서는 구체적인 계획과 실천이 필수적이다. 5 전문가는 일의 우선순위를 결정해서 업무를 수행해야 한다.  3 green  이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다.  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.  홀수형  영어 영역  21. 밑줄 친 the role of the lion's historians' 가 다음 글에서 의미  하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?  There is an African proverb that says, “Till the lions have their historians, tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter'. The proverb is about power, control and law making. Environmental journalists have to play the role of the lion's historians'. They have to put across the point of view of the environment to people who make the laws. They have to be the voice of wild India. The present rate of human consumption is completely unsustainable. Forest, wetlands, wastelands, coastal zones, eco-sensitive zones, they are all seen as disposable for the accelerating demands of human population. But to ask for any change in human behaviour - whether it be to cut down on consumption, alter lifestyles or decrease population growth — is seen as a violation of human rights. But at some point human rights become ‘wrongs'. It's time we changed our thinking so that there is no difference between the rights of humans and the rights of the rest of the environment.  1 uncovering the history of a species' biological evolution 2 urging a shift to sustainable human behaviour for nature 3 fighting against widespread violations of human rights  rewriting history for more underrepresented people 6 restricting the power of environmental lawmakers  23. to Z 773 77} 72 I 20? [37]  Difficulties arise when we do not think of people and machines as collaborative systems, but assign whatever tasks can be automated to the machines and leave the rest to people. This ends up requiring people to behave in machine-like fashion, in ways that differ from human capabilities. We expect people to monitor machines, which means keeping alert for long periods, something we are bad at. We require people to do repeated operations with the extreme precision and accuracy required by machines, again something we are not good at. When we divide up the machine and human components of a task in this way, we fail to take advantage of human strengths and capabilities but instead rely upon areas where we are genetically, biologically unsuited. Yet, when people fail, they are blamed.  1 difficulties of overcoming human weaknesses to avoid failure 2 benefits of allowing machines and humans to work together 3 issues of allocating unfit tasks to humans in automated systems © reasons why humans continue to pursue machine automation 5 influences of human actions on a machine's performance  24. to 2091 241  ) LOI 7+3+ 22 t ze?  22. to 29 $713 77} 72 ze?  Prior to file-sharing services, music albums landed exclusively in the hands of music critics before their release. These critics would listen to them well before the general public could and preview them for the rest of the world in their reviews. Once the internet made music easily accessible and allowed even advanced releases to spread through online social networks, availability of new music became democratized, which meant critics no longer had unique access. That is, critics and laypeople alike could obtain new music simultaneously. Social media services also enabled people to publicize their views on new songs, list their new favorite bands in their social media bios, and argue over new music endlessly on message boards. The result was that critics now could access the opinions of the masses on a particular album before writing their reviews. Thus, instead of music reviews guiding popular opinion toward art (as they did in preinternet times), music reviews began to reflect — consciously or subconsciously — public opinion.  * laypeople: 비전문가 1 미디어 환경의 변화로 음악 비평이 대중의 영향을 받게 되었다. 2 인터넷의 발달로 다양한 장르의 음악을 접하는 것이 가능해졌다. 3 비평가의 음악 비평은 자신의 주관적인 경험을 기반으로 한다. 4 오늘날 새로운 음악은 대중의 기호를 확인한 후에 공개된다. 5 온라인 환경의 대두로 음악 비평의 질이 전반적으로 상승하였다.  People don't usually think of touch as a temporal phenomenon, but it is every bit as time-based as it is spatial. You can carry out an experiment to see for yourself. Ask a friend to cup his hand, palm face up, and close his eyes. Place a small ordinary object in his palm — a ring, an eraser, anything will do - and ask him to identify it without moving any part of his hand. He won't have a clue other than weight and maybe overall size. Then tell him to keep his eyes closed and move his fingers over the object. He'll most likely identify it at once. By allowing the fingers to move, you've added time to the sensory perception of touch. There's a direct analogy between the fovea at the center of your retina and your fingertips, both of which have high acuity. Your ability to make complex use of touch, such as buttoning your shirt or unlocking your front door in the dark, depends on continuous time-varying patterns of touch sensation.  * analogy: oft ** fovea: (5179) Ž1279) *** retina: +  1 Touch and Movement: Two Major Elements of Humanity 2 Time Does Matter: A Hidden Essence of Touch 3 How to Use the Five Senses in a Timely Manner © The Role of Touch in Forming the Concept of Time 6 The Surprising Function of Touch as a Booster of Knowledge  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.  영어 영역  홀수형  25. H: 529 4931 ?z] @[7] Eze?  27. City of Sittka Public Bike Sharing Service  안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?  Online Shares of Retail Sales  in 2012 and in 2019  (Percentage) 25  19.7%  2012  2019  16.5%  10.6%  9.7%  9.9%  0.9%  5.7%  5.4%  5.4%  3.7%  2.0%  1.5%  City of Sittka Public Bike Sharing Service Are you planning to explore the city?  This is the eco-friendly way to do it!  Rent  • Register anywhere via our easy app.  • Payment can be made only by credit card. Fee  • Free for the first 30 minutes  • One dollar per additional 30 minutes  Use  • Choose a bike and scan the QR code on the bike.  • Helmets are not provided. Return  • Return the bike to the Green Zone shown on the app.  • Complete the return by pressing the OK button on the bike.  UK U.S. Netherlands France Spain Italy  (Country) Note: Vacations, autos, gas, and tickets are excluded from retail sales.  The graph above shows the online shares of retail sales for each of six countries in 2012 and in 2019. The online share of retail sales refers to the percentage of retail sales conducted online in a given country. For each country, its online share of retail sales in 2019 was larger than that in 2012. 2 Among the six countries, the UK owned the largest online share of retail sales with 19.7% in 2019. 3 In 2019, the U.S. had the second largest online share of retail sales with 16.5%. 4 In 2012, the online share of retail sales in the Netherlands was larger than that in France, whereas the reverse was true in 2019. © In the case of Spain and Italy, the online share of retail sales in each country was less than 5.0% both in 2012 and in 2019.  1 1 $ 70 715 . 2 to 30% 47. 3 x179 QR 707 2715H2H 0 167. 4 dlo | ZEIT 5 1779 OK HE 2727 07.  41877  28. Jason's Photography Classoll z öt to 0541  el 17 ?  26. Frank Hyneman Knight에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지  iz le?  Frank Hyneman Knight was one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century. After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1916 at Cornell University, Knight taught at Cornell, the University of Iowa, and the University of Chicago. Knight spent most of his career at the University of Chicago. Some of his students at Chicago later received the Nobel Prize. Knight is known as the author of the book Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, a study of the role of the entrepreneur in economic life. He also wrote a brief introduction to economics entitled The Economic Organization, which became a classic of microeconomic theory. But Knight was much more than an economist; he was also a social philosopher. Later in his career, Knight developed his theories of freedom, democracy, and ethics. After retiring in 1952, Knight remained active in teaching and writing.  * entrepreneur: 71977 1 204719 717! of oz E 211 212 Žēt blott. 2 29TL University of Chicago0|| 7. 3 19 ! Ž O 4žoll  2  7 . © Risk, Uncertainty and Profit zile 212 97. 5 0117 7123]  Z e [7] BI Z Z 1011 7.  Jason's Photography Class Are you tired of taking pictures with your camera set to “Auto”? Do you want to create more professional-looking photos? You won't want to miss this opportunity.  • Date: Saturday, December 19  • Time: 1:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.  • Place: Thrombon Building, Room 2 on the first floor  • Tuition Fee: $50 (snacks provided)  • Level: Beginner  • Topics to Be Covered: - Equipment Selection - Lighting Techniques - Color Selection - Special Effects  • Class size is limited to eight, so don't delay! Visit our web site at www.eypcap.com to register.  1 277 278 2 330|| 24 zl 5! 17. 3 Zzx 730117. ♡ EŁ 711Ž 747 5 771 x 4017 xll lol  g 210117. .  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.  홀수형  영어 영역  29. to Z PŁ Z,447 2? [37]]  Regulations covering scientific experiments on human subjects are strict. Subjects must give their informed, written consent, and experimenters must submit their proposed experiments to thorough examination by overseeing bodies. Scientists who experiment on themselves can, functionally if not legally, avoid the restrictions 1 associated with experimenting on other people. They can also sidestep most of the ethical issues involved: nobody, presumably, is more aware of an experiment's potential hazards than the scientist who devised it. Nonetheless, experimenting on oneself remains 3 deeply problematic. One obvious drawback is the danger involved; knowing that it exists & does nothing to reduce it. A less obvious drawback is the limited range of data that the experiment can generate. Human anatomy and physiology vary, in small but significant ways, according to gender, age, lifestyle, and other factors. Experimental results derived from a single subject are, therefore, of limited value; there is no way to know 6 what the subject's responses are typical or atypical of the response of humans as a group.  [31~34] CA 91770|| 501223 7 I 9 721|2.  31. In the classic model of the Sumerian economy, the temple  functioned as an administrative authority governing commodity production, collection, and redistribution. The discovery of administrative tablets from the temple complexes at Uruk suggests that token use and consequently writing evolved as a tool of centralized economic governance. Given the lack of archaeological evidence from Uruk-period domestic sites, it is not clear whether individuals also used the system for  . For that matter, it is not clear how widespread literacy was at its beginnings. The use of identifiable symbols and pictograms on the early tablets is consistent with administrators needing a lexicon that was mutually intelligible by literate and nonliterate parties. As cuneiform script became more abstract, literacy must have become increasingly important to ensure one understood what he or she had agreed to.  * archaeological: 77777 al ** lexicon: 01 ]  *** cuneiform script: 3471 xH 1 religious events 2 personal agreements 3 communal responsibilities o historical records 6 power shifts  * consent:  ** anatomy: ( 72) 73 *** physiology: 22  30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지  it e le?  How the bandwagon effect occurs is demonstrated by the history of measurements of the speed of light. Because this speed is the basis of the theory of relativity, it's one of the most frequently and carefully measured 1 quantities in science. As far as we know, the speed hasn't changed over time. However, from 1870 to 1900, all the experiments found speeds that were too high. Then, from 1900 to 1950, the 2 opposite happened - all the experiments found speeds that were too low! This kind of error, where results are always on one side of the real value, is called “bias.” It probably happened because over time, experimenters subconsciously adjusted their results to 3 match what they expected to find. If a result fit what they expected, they kept it. If a result didn't fit, they threw it out. They weren't being intentionally dishonest, just @ influenced by the conventional wisdom. The pattern only changed when someone 5 lacked the courage to report what was actually measured instead of what was expected.  32. Choosing similar friends can have a rationale. Assessing  the survivability of an environment can be risky (if an environment turns out to be deadly, for instance, it might be too late by the time you found out), so humans have evolved the desire to associate with similar individuals as a way to perform this function efficiently. This is especially useful to a species that lives in so many different sorts of environments. However, the carrying capacity of a given environment  _. If resources are very limited, the individuals who live in a particular place cannot all do the exact same thing (for example, if there are few trees, people cannot all live in tree houses, or if mangoes are in short supply, people cannot all live solely on a diet of mangoes). A rational strategy would therefore sometimes be to avoid similar members of one's species.  1 exceeds the expected demands of a community 2 is decreased by diverse means of survival 3 places a limit on this strategy  makes the world suitable for individuals 6 prevents social ties to dissimilar members  * bandwagon effect: 25 33  | L  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.  영어 영역  홀수형  35. to 2012  E  ?  33. Thanks to newly developed neuroimaging technology, we  now have access to the specific brain changes that occur during learning. Even though all of our brains contain the same basic structures, our neural networks are as unique as our fingerprints. The latest developmental neuroscience research has shown that the brain is much more malleable throughout life than previously assumed; it develops in response to its own processes, to its immediate and distant “environments,” and to its past and current situations. The brain seeks to create meaning through establishing or refining existing neural networks. When we learn a new fact or skill, our neurons communicate to form networks of connected information. Using this knowledge or skill results in structural changes to allow similar future impulses to travel more quickly and efficiently than others. High-activity synaptic connections are stabilized and strengthened, while connections with relatively low use are weakened and eventually pruned. In this way, our brains are  -- [37] | * malleable: 순응성이 있는 ** prune: 잘라 내다 1 sculpted by our own history of experiences 2 designed to maintain their initial structures 3 geared toward strengthening recent memories ® twinned with the development of other organs 5 portrayed as the seat of logical and creative thinking  Workers are united by laughing at shared events, even ones that may initially spark anger or conflict. Humor reframes potentially divisive events into merely “laughable” ones which are put in perspective as subservient to unifying values held by organization members. Repeatedly recounting humorous incidents reinforces unity based on key organizational values. 1 One team told repeated stories about a dumpster fire, something that does not seem funny on its face, but the reactions of workers motivated to preserve safety sparked laughter as the stories were shared multiple times by multiple parties in the workplace. 2 Shared events that cause laughter can indicate a sense of belonging since "you had to be there” to see the humor in them, and non-members were not and do not. 3 Since humor can easily capture people's attention, commercials tend to contain humorous elements, such as funny faces and gestures. ♡ Instances of humor serve to enact bonds among organization members. 6 Understanding the humor may even be required as an informal badge of membership in the organization.  * subservient: 도움이 되는  80||0|012 391 ENE JA II  [36~37] F012  219 7212.  36.  The objective of battle, to “throw” the enemy and to make him defenseless, may temporarily blind commanders and even strategists to the larger purpose of war. War is never an isolated act, nor is it ever only one decision.  34. Successful integration of an educational technology is marked by that technology being regarded by users as an unobtrusive facilitator of learning, instruction, or performance. When the focus shifts from the technology being used to the educational purpose that technology serves, then that technology is becoming a comfortable and trusted element, and can be regarded as being successfully integrated. Few people give a second thought to the use of a ball-point pen although the mechanisms involved vary — some use a twist  (A) To be political, a political entity or a representative of a  political entity, whatever its constitutional form, has to have an intention, a will. That intention has to be clearly expressed  other variations as well. Personal computers have reached a similar level of familiarity for a great many users, but certainly not for all. New and emerging technologies often introduce both fascination and frustration with users. As long as  _in promoting learning, instruction, or performance, then one ought not to conclude that the technology has been successfully integrated — at least for that user. [37]  * unobtrusive: 10|| 1 the user successfully achieves familiarity with the technology 2 the user's focus is on the technology itself rather than its use 3 the user continues to employ outdated educational techniques  the user involuntarily gets used to the misuse of the technology 6 the user's preference for interaction with other users persists  (B) In the real world, war's larger purpose is always a political  purpose. It transcends the use of force. This insight was famously captured by Clausewitz's most famous phrase,  “War is a mere continuation of politics by other means." (C) And one side's will has to be transmitted to the enemy at  some point during the confrontation (it does not have to be publicly communicated). A violent act and its larger political intention must also be attributed to one side at some point during the confrontation. History does not know of acts of war without eventual attribution.  * entity: 231 ** transcend: 1  167  1 (A) – (C) – (B) 3 (B) – (C) – (A) 5 (C) – (B)  2 (B) – (A) – (C) © (C) – (A) – (B)  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.  홀수형  영어 영역  37.  39.  Note that copyright covers the expression of an idea and not the idea itself.  Experts have identified a large number of measures that promote energy efficiency. Unfortunately many of them are not cost effective. This is a fundamental requirement for energy efficiency investment from an economic perspective.  (A) And this has direct repercussions at the individual level:  households can reduce the cost of electricity and gas bills, and improve their health and comfort, while companies can increase their competitiveness and their productivity. Finally, the market for energy efficiency could contribute  to the economy through job and firms creation. (B) There are significant externalities to take into account and  there are also macroeconomic effects. For instance, at the aggregate level, improving the level of national energy efficiency has positive effects on macroeconomic issues such as energy dependence, climate change, health, national  competitiveness and reducing fuel poverty. (C) However, the calculation of such cost effectiveness is not  easy: it is not simply a case of looking at private costs and comparing them to the reductions achieved. [37]  * repercussion: o, ofte of ** aggregate: 2019  1 (A) – (C) – (B)  2 (B) – (A) – (C) 3 (B) – (C) – (A) ^ (C) – (A) – (B) 5 (C) – (B) – (A)  Designers draw on their experience of design when approaching a new project. This includes the use of previous designs that they know work — both designs that they have created themselves and those that others have created. ( 1 ) Others' creations often spark inspiration that also leads to new ideas and innovation. ( 2 ) This is well known and understood. ( 3 ) However, the expression of an idea is protected by copyright, and people who infringe on that copyright can be taken to court and prosecuted. ( € ) This means, for example, that while there are numerous smartphones all with similar functionality, this does not represent an infringement of copyright as the idea has been expressed in different ways and it is the expression that has been copyrighted. ( 5 ) Copyright is free and is automatically invested in the author, for instance, the writer of a book or a programmer who develops a program, unless they sign the copyright over to someone else. [37]  * infringe: Höfc7 ** prosecute: 7] 17167  C7. #(A),  40. do 29 48 QF EXHOZ 20151zZH  (B)o| 013 777 7 zile?  [38~39] 29 599 01, F02 2001 5077100 71  적절한 곳을 고르시오. 38.  I have still not exactly pinpointed Maddy's character since wickedness takes many forms.  Imagine I tell you that Maddy is bad. Perhaps you infer from my intonation, or the context in which we are talking, that I mean morally bad. Additionally, you will probably infer that I am disapproving of Maddy, or saying that I think you should disapprove of her, or similar, given typical linguistic conventions and assuming I am sincere. ( 1 ) However, you might not get a more detailed sense of the particular sorts of way in which Maddy is bad, her typical character traits, and the like, since people can be bad in many ways. ( 2 ) In contrast, if I say that Maddy is wicked, then you get more of a sense of her typical actions and attitudes to others. ( 3 ) The word 'wicked' is more specific than "bad'. ( + ) But there is more detail nevertheless, perhaps a stronger connotation of the sort of person Maddy is. ( 5 ) In addition, and again assuming typical linguistic conventions, you should also get a sense that I am disapproving of Maddy, or saying that you should disapprove of her, or similar, assuming that we are still discussing her moral character.  * connotation:  From a cross-cultural perspective the equation between public leadership and dominance is questionable. What does one mean by 'dominance”? Does it indicate coercion? Or control over the most valued? Political systems may be about both, either, or conceivably neither. The idea of  control' would be a bothersome one for many peoples, as for instance among many native peoples of Amazonia where all members of a community are fond of their personal autonomy and notably allergic to any obvious expression of control or coercion. The conception of political power as a coercive force, while it may be a Western fixation, is not a universal. It is very unusual for an Amazonian leader to give an order. If many peoples do not view political power as a coercive force, nor as the most valued domain, then the leap from the political' to 'domination' (as coercion), and from there to domination of women', is a shaky one. As Marilyn Strathern has remarked, the notions of the political and ‘political personhood' are cultural obsessions of our own, a bias long reflected in anthropological constructs.  * coercion: 771 ** autonomy: zł  *** anthropological: 01 789  It is (A) to understand political power in other cultures through our own notion of it because ideas of political power are not (B) across cultures.  (A) (B) 1 rational ... flexible 3 misguided ... uniform 6 effective ... objective  (A) (B) 2 appropriate ... commonplace 4 unreasonable ... varied  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.  영어 영역  홀수형  [41~42] Ce 91, 90|| E119.  “All right. I'm sure you're doing your work.” Mom replied, and then sharply added a question. “Sean, what are you doing?” Sean's face immediately became blank, and he said, “Nothing.” “Come here, Honey, and you can help me.” Sean ran to the kitchen right away. “What can I do for you, Mom?” His voice was high, and Felix could sense that his brother was excited. Felix was pleased to get rid of (b) the policeman, and now he could concentrate on the lesson, at least till Sean came back.  (C)  Our irresistible tendency to see things in human terms — that we are often mistaken in attributing complex human motives and processing abilities to other species - does not mean that an animal's behavior is not, in fact, complex. Rather, it means that the complexity of the animal's behavior is not purely a (a) product of its internal complexity. Herbert Simon's “parable of the ant” makes this point very clearly. Imagine an ant walking along a beach, and (b) visualize tracking the trajectory of the ant as it moves. The trajectory would show a lot of twists and turns, and would be very irregular and complicated. One could then suppose that the ant had equally complicated (c) internal navigational abilities, and work out what these were likely to be by analyzing the trajectory to infer the rules and mechanisms that could produce such a complex navigational path. The complexity of the trajectory, however, “is really a complexity in the surface of the beach, not a complexity in the ant.” In reality, the ant may be using a set of very (d) complex rules: it is the interaction of these rules with the environment that actually produces the complex trajectory, not the ant alone. Put more generally, the parable of the ant illustrates that there is no necessary correlation between the complexity of an (e) observed behavior and the complexity of the mechanism that produces it.  While checking on his family, Sean interfered in their business as if it was his own. This time, (c) the playful and curious boy was interested in his brother Felix, who committed himself to studying no matter where he was. Sean secretly looked inside his brother's room from the door, and shouted toward the kitchen where Mom was working, “Mom, Felix isn't studying. He's just watching a funny video.” Sean was naughtily smiling at his brother.  * naughtily: 짓궂게  * parable: © t ** trajectory: 0152  Felix was mad because (d) his little brother was bothering him. Felix was studying science using a video posted on the school web site. He made an angry face at the naughty boy. Right then, Mom asked loudly from the kitchen, “What are you doing, Felix?” Felix's room was located next to the kitchen, and he could hear Mom clearly. “I'm watching a lecture video for my science class.” Felix argued against Sean's accusation and mischievously stuck (e) his tongue out at his little brother.  * mischievously: 71471  41.39 LOE 771 72 H ZO?  1 Open the Mysterious Door to Environmental Complexity! 2 Peaceful Coexistence of Human Beings and Animals 3 What Makes the Complexity of Animal Behavior? + Animals' Dilemma: Finding Their Way in a Human World 5 Environmental Influences on Human Behavior Complexity  43. 7017! Ž (A)|| 0107248 Ito|2 eet zoE  가장 적절한 것은?  (B) – (D) – (C) 2 (C) – (B) – (D) 3 (C) – (D) – (B)  (D) – (B) – (C) 5 (D) – (C) – (B)  32010) 7771577)  42. Ž (a)-(e) Ž01|24 A  ze? [37]  1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c)  • (d)  5 (e)  1 (a)-(e) Ž0|| 24 71217]}  1301 4047]  37 HE  44.  T  ? (a)  (b)  3 (c)  (d)  6 (e)  [43~45] (39, 60||  119.  (A)  45. 230|| I 4.03. 3121517] ?  1 엄마는 폭설로 인해 집에서 업무를 보고 있었다. 2 Sean & ott 24 7HLOE 37. 3 Sean 2 9 07977. @ Felix 129 Follt 70 71 m 7. © Felix H 7H} olla.  In this area, heavy snow in winter was not uncommon. Sometimes it poured down for hours and hours and piled up very high. Then, no one could go out. Today too, because of the heavy snow, Mom was doing her office work at the kitchen table. Felix, the high schooler, had to take online classes in his room. Five-year-old Sean, who normally went to kindergarten, was sneaking around in the house playing home policeman. (a) The kindergartener wanted to know what his family members were up to, and was checking up on everyone.  * sneak: 몰래 움직이다.  * olfat  ᄋ 답안지의 해당란에 필요한 내용을 정확히 기입(표기) 했는지 확인  12.  이 문제지에 관한 저작권은 한국교육과정평가원에 있습니다.