공기출 - 2014 국회직 8급 영어 문제 해설

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2014 국회직 8급 영어 해설 김정연 (2017-10-04 / 374.4KB / 2,823회)

2014년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 1 - 영 어 ※ [1～2] Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. 1. ① short-legged ② wet and dirty ③ sick and tired ④ slow-walking ⑤ hungry-looking 2. ① observed ② collected ③ repeated ④ developed ⑤ transcribed 3. Which of the following best completes the conversation? A: Had I started studying Russian a few years earlier, I __________ Russian better now. B: Beginning early applies to a better fluency in every language. ① would have speaking ② would speak ③ would have spoken ④ speak ⑤ had spoken 4. Choose the one that is not appropriately translated into English. ① 남부지방의 심한 가뭄으로 금년의 쌀 수확이 상당히 감소할 것으로 보도됐다. → It was reportedly estimated that this year's rice harvest would suffer a considerable decrease because of the unusually long spell of dry weather we have had in the southern areas. ② 만일 한 나라가 다른 나라의 국내 정책 변경을 요구한다면 전자는 타국의 내정에 간섭한다는 비난을 받을 것이다. → If any country demands that some other country change its domestic policies, the former shall be condemned of interfering with another's domestic affairs. ③ 수출의 진흥에는 품질이 좋고 값싼 상품을 공급하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 사후 서비스에 만전을 기하는 것이 더 중요하다. → To bring about an increase in exports, it is important for us to sell commodities of excellent quality and a low price. It is all the more important, however, to see to it that perfect after-sales service is provided. ④ 더 효과적이며 창의적인 국제적 용수 관리가 필요하다. → We need more effective and creative international water management. ⑤ 중앙계획경제가 시장경제로의 전환에 성공한 적은 한 번도 없었다. → Every centrally planned economy has not managed the transition to the market economy. 5. Choose the one that is appropriately translated into English. ① 박애란 자신을 희생하면서 어려운 사람을 돕는 것이다. → We call philanthropy to help people in need at the sacrifice of oneself. ② 그는 지난 10년 동안 여러 UN 기관에서 주도적인 역할을 해 왔다. → He has been played a leading role in various organizations of the U.N. during the past 10 years. ③ 정부에서 수재민에게 식량과 의류를 제공했다. → Food and clothes were rushed by the government to the flood victims. ④ 우리나라는 인적 자원의 활용으로 고도의 경제 발전을 이룩할 수 있었다. → An effective use of human resources have enabled us to achieve a remarkable economic growth in our country. ⑤ 창경궁의 벚꽃이 피려한다. 한 직원은 내주 말께 만개할 것이라고 말했다. → Cherry buds at Changgyeonggung Palace are about to open. A staff worker there is the opinion that they will full bloom by the end of next week. Inspiration comes in many forms for Dallas' master chefs. Starting with the fundamental techniques gleaned from years of classical training, many of the city's top culinary artists head to the Dallas Farmers Market to convert the best produce of Texas into delectable and unique entrees. A male White Wagtail was in the car park and a rather bedraggled male Beagle was on the short turf near the beach. 2014년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 2 - ※ [6～7] Choose the underlined part that is not grammatically correct. 6. 7. 8. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? The tea leaves are harvested into a basket slung on the plucker's back, and subsequently transported in baskets or bags to the factory. Any damage to the leaf will break some plant cells, which will release enzymes that will start the leaf fermenting (more correctly, oxidizing) and turning brown. It is important to minimize this by careful plucking and handling. The leaf must not be crushed or piled too deeply. Also, the factory must not be too far to reach. (A) , once the leaf is plucked, however carefully it is handled, some bruising will occur and fermentation will start. It is important to keep this to a minimum before the manufacturing process starts. For this reason factories have to be within a few miles of the fields. Manufacturing tea needs considerable expertise and skill. All these requirements mean that it is not normally possible for small-scale growers to process their own tea. Most tea factories, (B) , are contracted either to a large plantation or to a consortium of small farmers. (A) (B) ① So ― however ② Nonetheless ― moreover ③ Nevertheless ― therefore ④ Therefore ― thus ⑤ Meanwhile ― for example 9. What can be concluded from this passage? Most of the huge flows of money from British Empire's vast stock of overseas investments flowed to a tiny elite of, at most, a few hundred thousand people. At the apex of this elite was the Rothschild Bank, whose combined capital in London, Paris and Vienna amounted to a staggering ￡41 million, making it by far the biggest financial institution in the world in the late 19C. The greater part of the firm's assets was invested in government bonds, a huge proportion of which were in colonial economies such as Egypt and South Africa. The extension of British power into those economies generated handsome new profit for the Rothschild family. Between 1885 and 1893, to give a single example, the London, Paris, and Frankfurt houses were jointly responsible for four major Egyptian bond issues worth nearly ￡50 million. ① The interests of the Rothschild banking family were inextricably linked with those of the British Empire. ② The fortune of the Rothschilds reached its peak around 1893 to gradually decline since then. ③ The Rothschilds played a key role in ensuring a peaceful relationship between Britain and France. ④ The representatives of the Rothschild Bank advised the colonial governments in South Africa and Egypt. ⑤ The Rothschild Bank in London controlled its branches in Paris, Frankfurt, and Vienna. The rattles ①in which a rattlesnake warns of its presence ②are formed by loosely interlocking hollow rings of hard skin, which make a buzzing sound ③when its tail is shaken. As a baby, the snake begins to form its rattles from the button at the very tip of its tail. Thereafter, each time it sheds its skin, a new ring is formed. Popular belief ④holds that a snake's age can be told by counting the rings, but this idea is fallacious. In fact, a snake may lose its old skin as often as four times a year. Also, rattles tend to wear or break off ⑤with time. We sit on the couch and ponder the idea of ①taking a walk, but don't get up and do so. We remember our doctor ②tell us to make a follow-up appointment, but keep forgetting to call. We realize our pants are tighter than before, but can't resist another chocolate chip cookie. We'd all like to live long and healthy lives, but each day we make small choices that will affect our health negatively ③in the years ahead. Almost half of Americans 65 and older ④have two or more chronic diseases. Those aged 65 to 69 use 14 prescription drugs a year; those aged 80 to 84 rely on 18. We may live long lives, but for many of us, those lives aren't healthy. Too many of us accept chronic diseases — all caused to some degree by less than healthful lifestyles — as simply the burdens of age. By understanding our health-related motivations, we gain insights into barriers that ⑤keep us from enjoying better health as we age. That's where our questionnaire comes in. 2014년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 3 - 10. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? This Congress, House Republicans have focused on smaller government, less spending, and more transparency. This is a government by the people, for the people. We believe that being good stewards of tax dollars means spending less and providing more information on how federal resources are spent. House Republicans have adopted policies to save the American people $594 million and reduce spending on House operations by nearly 14%. We also maintain the pay freeze on member salaries and increase funding for our U.S. Capitol Police. ① Smaller government, less spending and more transparency are focused by House Democrats. ② It is not the role of this congress to provide more information on how federal resources are spent. ③ People are rarely aware of how U.S. congress runs and reduces spending on its operation. ④ House Republicans have attempted to cut waste and save taxpayers' money on House operations. ⑤ House Republicans are not interested in saving tax dollars. 11. Which of the following best completes the blank? The suburbanization of the United States was not merely a matter of new infrastructures. It entailed a radical transformation in lifestyles, bringing new products from housing to refrigerators and air conditioners, as well as two cars in the driveway and an enormous increase in the consumption of oil. It ____________, as subsidized home-ownership for the middle classes changed the focus of community action towards the defence of property values and individualized identities, turning the suburban vote towards conservative republicanism. Debt-encumbered homeowners, it was argued, were less likely to go on strike. This project successfully absorbed the surplus and assured social stability, albeit at the cost of hollowing out the inner cities and generating urban unrest amongst those, chiefly African-Americans, who were denied access to the new prosperity. ① faced resistance by the unemployed ② was bound to trigger an energy crisis ③ also altered the political landscape ④ boomed into a long-term sellers' market ⑤ enabled steady racial integration 12. Which of the following is the most logical sequence of the four parts to complete the passage? We recently received good economic news. The unemployment rate continues to improve. It was 10% in the fall of 2009. It was 7.5% at this time last year. It has been fluctuating 6.3% and 6.7% for the last couple months. (A) Unemployment for 18 to 29 year olds is 15.8%, more than double the general rate. Unemployment for 18 to 29 year old African-Americans is 23.8%. For Hispanics it is 16.6%. (B) Youth unemployment is one such problem. Young people face higher hurdles to and in the job market. They have fewer skills, less work experience and smaller networks. The consequences are devastating and the facts bear this out. (C) High youth unemployment is not confined to the United States. For the 33 developed countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), combined 2013 youth unemployment was 16%. It ranged from 7% in Japan to a whopping 58% in Greece. This problem has serious financial implications for all of us. (D) But before we celebrate, we need to examine the numbers behind the numbers. These can mask deeper problems. ① A - B - C - D ② C - B - D - A ③ D - B - A - C ④ D - A - B - C ⑤ B - D - A - C 13. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? A California lawmaker has introduced legislation (A) to prevent sports owners from turning league fines into a business expense that can generate a tax break. The legislation from Democratic Rep. Tony Cardenas follows the National Basketball Association's $2.5 million fine and lifetime ban of Los Angeles Clippers owner. The congressman's staff members say they're not aware of any specific team owners who have used their fines to generate a business-related tax deduction, but the lawmaker wants to remove that possibility entirely. He says fines are meant to be a punishment, not a business expense. He says it's unacceptable that "multi-millionaire owners get a tax break for (B) behavior." (A) (B) ① designing ― illicit ② designed ― judiciary ③ was designed ― justifiable ④ designed ― egregious ⑤ designing ― acclaimed 2014년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 4 - ※ [14～15] Read the following passage and answer the questions. The Colosseum in Rome is an Italian icon and a relic that (A) to the first century A.D. ― lions, gladiators, chariots and all. It is one of the handful global (B) that needs no introduction. But with so many historic (B) to care for ― like the Colosseum, the Spanish Steps and the Leaning Tower of Pisa ― Italy is beginning to struggle to manage its vast portfolio alone. (A) "We have to share projects and ideas but we have to share responsibility to maintain these for the generations to come," he added. (B) This is a fact now readily acknowledged by the country's political hierarchy, with new methods to pay for the upkeep of these magnificent structures being sought. (C) "To me, this belongs to the entire mankind," Rome mayor Ignazio Marino told CNN as he looked out over the Italian capital from a balcony at City Hall. 14. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? (A) (B) ① dates back ― landmarks ② adheres ― fames ③ is acclimated ― monuments ④ belongs ― views ⑤ pertains ― battlegrounds 15. Which of the following is the most logical sequence of the three parts to complete the passage? ① A - B - C ② A - C - B ③ B - A - C ④ B - C - A ⑤ C - A - B 16. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? Some drugs have a higher chance of being abused than others. However, it is frequently more useful to classify drug-taking behavior than it is to rate the drugs themselves. For example, some people remain social drinkers for life. Others become alcoholics within weeks of taking their first drink. Drug use can also be classed as (A) ― short-term use based on curiosity or (B) ― long-term use based on extreme dependence. (A) (B) ① experimental ― compulsive ② compelling ― tentative ③ overpowering ― experimental ④ urgent ― experimental ⑤ overwhelming ― preliminary 17. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? With the possible exception of the Hubble Space Telescope, the Viking program was the most expensive NASA mission launched purely for scientific exploration. Viking was an enormously difficult and successful mission. It cost about 4 billion 1,999 dollars and required robotic spacecraft to land on another planet to conduct chemical searches. And yet, in a sense, the Viking mission was a failure in that it did not detect life. Not only did it not detect life, but the results revealed the Martian surface to be a highly inhospitable environment for life. There was less carbon in the soil of Mars than there was on the Moon, and worse, the presence of highly oxidizing conditions indicated that organic material could not survive in the soil. If a dead mouse were buried in shallow Martian soil, its carbon would be converted to carbon dioxide, which would flow into the atmosphere. The results from Viking drove many nails into the coffin of the belief that Mars was an Earth analog that might harbor life. ① The Viking spacecraft had to cope with the lack of carbon dioxide in Martian soil. ② With the help of the Viking Program, it was discovered that the oxidizing conditions in Mars were hostile to organic life. ③ The Viking program failed because of some last-minute changes to cut its enormous costs. ④ The Viking mission failed to confirm the pictures of Mars transmitted by the Hubble Space Telescope. ⑤ The sample of the Martian soil brought back by Viking was kept in a special coffin. 2014년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 5 - 18. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? The Center for Disease Control confirmed this week that there is a second case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in the U.S., this time in Florida. MERS is a respiratory disease that is caused by the MERS Coronavirus. MERS is in the same family of viruses as SARS and the common cold, but it appears so far to be less transmissible. The virus first appeared in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and to date, there are over 500 lab-confirmed cases of the disease worldwide and more than 145 people have died. The virus has spread to other countries in the Arabian Peninsula, and it's thought to have originated from camels. The symptoms of MERS are shortness of breath, fever, and coughing. In some cases it can be fatal, with 30% of people contracting the disease dying, but the first U.S. patient in Indiana has fully recovered and is discharged from the hospital. ① Each year, a couple of MERS patients are reported in the U.S. ② MERS is thought to have originated from small domestic animals. ③ The first U.S. MERS patient failed to survive. ④ MERS cases are reported mostly in the Middle East. ⑤ MERS seems less contagious than the common cold. 19. Which of the following best completes the blank? What is state surveillance? If it were about targeting in a(n) ____________ way against those causing harm, there would be no debate. The actual system of state surveillance has almost nothing to do with that. It's no longer based on some individual suspicion of wrongdoing. It covers phone calls, emails, texts, search history, what you buy, who your friends are, where you go, and who you love. What state surveillance actually is, is defined by the National Security Agency's actual words, that phrase they use over and over again: "Collect it all." ① questioning ② discriminate ③ arbitrary ④ malevolent ⑤ explosive 20. Which of the following best completes the blank? If debt becomes too large relative to resources, there is a "debt overhang," which inhibits any form of positive action. Few of the individuals presented with this problem have the quantitative skills to understand and resolve the underlying issues. In other words, those people have trouble ____________ the standards of mathematical rationality presupposed by the economic theorists who model and quantify fundamental economic issues. ① putting aside ② counting off ③ sitting in for ④ making believe ⑤ living up to 21. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? Margaret Thatcher was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the office. A Soviet journalist called her the "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. Originally a research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher became the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became Prime Minister after winning the 1979 general election and introduced a series of political and economic initiatives intended to reverse high unemployment and Britain's struggles in the wake of the Winter of Discontent and an ongoing recession. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation, flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and high unemployment until the 1982 Falklands War brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her re-election in 1983. Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987. ① Thatcher was the only barrister to become British Prime Minister. ② Thatcher was called "Iron Lady" by her opposite party colleagues. ③ Thatcher was popular during her first years in office due to her populist policies. ④ Trade unions and state-owned companies are among Thatcher's supporters. ⑤ The Falklands War was a turning point in Thatcher's job approval rate. 2014년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 6 - 22. Choose the one that refers to an idea different from what enthymeme represents. Enthymeme was used by the Greek philosopher Aristotle when, in his treatise on rhetoric, he needed a word to describe how reasoning works informally in our everyday arguments, where we do not necessarily use the mathematically rigid forms of logic. In Greek, the term combines en (into) and thymos (soul) to suggest the way that reasoned language is able to produce belief. Aristotle called the enthymeme the ①substance of proof and said it was the rhetorical version of the logical syllogism. The ideas we argue rhetorically, for Aristotle, are those that "are capable of admitting two possibilities" and so ②exist in the realm of the probable rather than the universally true. Thus, what makes the enthymeme different from the logical syllogism is that in ordinary discourse the enthymeme contains ③statements that are contingent rather than universally true. It does not have to assert ④all of the underlying premises of the reasoning, which are understood, and its validity is based on ⑤making reasonable connections for the audience rather than strictly valid inferences. 23. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? As more and more heads of household in charge of their family economy are losing their jobs, the number of school children who cannot afford lunch is also rapidly increasing. The (A) of widespread unemployment in recent months is/are now being felt in schools as well. This is indeed a big shame even though we are currently (B) a tough financial crunch. (A) (B) ① impact ― facilitated by ② influence ― monitored by ③ effects ― eavesdropped by ④ aspect ― deflated by ⑤ repercussions ― gripped by ※ [24～25] Read the following passage and answer the questions. There is a Disneyland quality to some evolutionary explanations of change that I find quite amusing. It may sound outrageous to compare Darwinian theory to Disneyland, of course. But I am hardly exaggerating: they both promote a ____________ view of nature. Robert Bakker, for instance, would go so far as to attribute sophisticated and careful planning to certain creatures and suggest that their adaptations to the environment were deliberate and not simply chance occurrences. Our first example deals with the ostriches. "Ostriches," Bakker writes, "are long-necked and required their long necks just to reach the ground." But couldn't they just as well have been long-necked and developed their legs to elevate them so they could eat higher vegetation or even so they could see farther to avoid predators? "Snakes," Bakker tells us, "cannot chew." The evolutionary path they chose early in their career required unusual adaptations for swallowing huge hunks of food. How, exactly, did snakes "choose" to swallow instead of chew? Was this so-called "choice" a group decision or an individual one? Why make the adaptation if swallowing was so difficult? Bakker further tells us that with regard to stomachs, there is a variation in location for the fermenting site. "Ruminants―the deer-cattle-antelope family―chose a forward site and remodeled their stomach into a complex multi-chambered rumen where the bolus is soaked by enzymes." Exactly how did this choice come about? Was there a gathering of deer, cattle, and antelope at which time it was decided to change or remodel stomachs to a new configuration? 24. Which of the following best completes the blank? ① fantastic ② chronological ③ harmonious ④ universal ⑤ trite 25. What is the main weakness of the evolutionist's arguments criticized in this passage? ① Rejecting the possibility of the reversal in the process of evolution ② Reducing the geological time frame of the evolutionary process ③ Assuming animals made a conscious choice in their own evolution ④ Adopting Darwin's theory without examining the counterevidence ⑤ Underestimating the force of struggle for existence in evolution