영어정답(2017-11-25 / 291.9KB / 5,722회)
2017 국회직 8급 영어 해설 성기건 (2017-11-25 / 460.1KB / 6,704회)
2017년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 1 - 영 어 1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word? Finally, Berger reiterates the character of power difference by noting that female nudity in art conventionally includes men who are clothed or a man, the spectator-owner of the image who stands, clothed, outside the frame. ① retaliates ② reciprocates ③ repeals ④ recapitulates ⑤ repudiates 2. Choose the word that best fits in the blank. The gauchos, skilled cattlemen of the grassy Argentine plains, are widely known to have played a significant role in Argentina’s national life. But, although the romantic figure of the traditional gaucho is famous, many people don’t realize that in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a new breed of gaucho arose in the Argentine plains, consisting of Jewish settlers from Eastern Europe. Eager to elude they suffered in their original homes, they went to Argentina in search of a new version of the Promised Land. ① persecution ② proliferation ③ perspiration ④ perpetuation ⑤ proximation 3. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word. His distinguished customers never lost a taste for his fluid lines and flimsy, diaphanous materials. ① fragile ② unstained ③ suffocating ④ dark sombre ⑤ almost transparent 4. Which of the following is grammatically correct? A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process or as a thing to be replicated or learned from. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is designed to test and try a new design to enhance precision by system analysts and users. ① acted ② to act ③ have acted ④ having acted ⑤ to have acted 5. Which of the following is not grammatically correct? (A)Just as a picture or a furniture (B)takes on much more interest if you know its history, (C)so does a man (D)become more real once the ancestral elements (E)that shaped him are known. ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) 6. Which of the following is the most appropriate title of the passage? When you’re trying to drive buzz about your product, you have to use a new word whenever you can, in conversation and in writing, to get people truly to start using it and to make it stick in the collective memory. This is not an overnight effort, but the effects can be powerful, and they can last a lifetime. For example, take the example of Marilyn Loden, author of Implementing Diversity, who wrote on women and diversity. She coined the phrase the “glass ceiling” to describe the barrier women had to face in the workplace, especially those who were gunning for top positions. Because it was such a vivid image of the current corporate culture, it became part of our collective conscience. But it couldn’t end there. Loden knew that without support, the phrase would fall into oblivion, and it was too important a sentiment for that. To give it life and momentum, Loden used the term everywhere she could. It peppered her interviews and other public appearances. The media picked up on it and began to use it in the context of every woman in every business story, on the air or in the papers. Loden’s work paid off, and “glass ceiling” became a two-word term everyone knows to describe a complex social issue. ① How to Break Down the “Glass Ceiling” ② From Oblivion to Life at Last ③ Definition of Well-Coined Terms ④ The Power of Stirring Up a New Term ⑤ Appearance of the Word Describing Workplace Culture 2017년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 2 - 7. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? Two major schools in the study of neurolinguistics are traditionally described: the localizationists and the holists. In the nineteenth century, localizationists like Broca observed that of the two cerebral hemispheres, one appeared to be responsible for language, the left in most instances. Also, localizationists understood that of all the left hemisphere, the central parts of the outer surface seemed more crucially linked to language, (A) damage to other parts of the left hemisphere seemed to have very few consequences for language abilities. Then, as different patterns of aphasia were observed, areas within the left-hemisphere cortical language area were parceled out by localizationists, with one area near the front of the head deemed responsible for producing language and another, further back, for comprehension, (B) . (A) (B) ① since for example ② since in conclusion ③ whereas in summary ④ though however ⑤ if in conclusion 8. Which of the following is the most appropriate title of the passage? The reason ‘certified’ has begun to enter the lexicon is that trust and confidence in people and promises has evaded. It’s not just used-car salesman that we don’t believe anymore. We want and need ironclad agreements that what we buy won’t fail us months or even days after our purchase. A warranty only addresses the future of the product. Certification is an official (usually written) guarantee that what we see is in fact what you get, and that it upholds a higher level of quality and reliability. Certification also implies a specific process of review was followed by a trained professional. Any Tom or Harry can offer a guarantee. Certification suggests something more thorough and serious. The most common use of ‘certified’ or ‘certification’ is in the used-car industry, or, as some brands like to call themselves, “certified pre-owned vehicles.” If you still don’t think word choice matters, ask yourself which would you rather own, a used car or a certified pre-owned vehicle? The language of certification is also being used in grocery stores to emphasize the quality of meat, milk, and other perishable items. Within the next half decade, we expect dozens of products and industries to apply the ‘certified’ label. ① How the English Lexicon Has Expanded ② Certification Not Warranty is What Matters ③ A Word Bringing About Eminent Practical Effect ④ Fly in the Ointment of ‘Certified’ ⑤ Better to Buy a Certified Pre-Owned Vehicle 9. Which of the following best completes the blank? If we accept the notion that muscle activity enhances memory, it then makes sense that certain physical postures may call up particular emotions. Simply put, assume a particular body posture or facial expression, and you are apt to trigger a mood. Research supports this. One study found that the act of smiling not only changed the position of facial muscles but also directly affected heart rate and breathing. Another researcher who studied facial muscle changes concluded that mood and muscles were part of a complex feedback loop that might perpetuate depression. And a participant involved in yet another study of facial positions said, “When my jaw was clenched and my brows down, I tried not to be angry but the mood . I’m not in an angry mood, but I found my thoughts wandering to things that made me angry.” ① turned out to be groundless ② somehow relaxed the muscles ③ just fitted the position ④ made the muscles ache ⑤ was lightened 10. Where does the given sentence best fit in the passage? However, in modern times, it more generally refers to social systems in which power is primarily held by adult men. Patriarchy literally means “the rule of the father” and comes from the Greek πατριάρχης (patriarkhēs), “father of a race” or “chief of a race, patriarch.” (A) Historically, the term patriarchy was used to refer to autocratic rule by the male head of a family. (B) One example definition of patriarchy by Sylvia Walby is “a system of interrelated social structures which allow men to exploit women.” (C) According to April A. Gordon, Walby’s definition allows for the variability and changes in women’s roles and in the order of their priority under different patriarchal systems. (D) It also recognizes that it is the institutionalized subordination and exploitation of women by men that is the crux of patriarchy; this can take many forms. (E) It is even theoretically possible that patriarchy could express itself through a deemphasis on motherhood in favor of women as wage earners or some other role. ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) 2017년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 3 - 11. Which of the following is the most logical sequence of the four parts to complete the passage? In addition to their other major expenses, some North American nuclear families bear the cost of a four-year college or university degree for the family’s child or children. [A] It has long been recognized that getting an education is effective for bettering oneself and one’s chances in the world. [B] This is not in the interest of employers in the long run. But in the short run, it is beneficial for corporations’ departments of human resources, the current name for personnel departments. [C] The cost has become as necessary as the cost of a car. Without it, access to a remunerative job is difficult or even impossible. [D] But a degree and an education is not necessarily synonymous. Credentialing, not educating, has become the primary business of North American universities. ① A - D - C - B ② B - C - A - D ③ C - A - B - D ④ C - A - D - B ⑤ D - A - B - C 12. Choose the word that best fits in the blank. Laptop and palmtop computers allow one to work virtually anywhere, making travel time more productive. But there’s more to travelling with a laptop than just packing it into a bag and carrying it onto the airplane. It is important to plan ahead to avoid concerns about the battery, a place to print, or even like a non-bootable hard disk. If you understand your needs and know what can happen on the road, you’ll be ready to productively travel with your computers. ① inflictions ② breeds ③ flares ④ expediencies ⑤ contingencies 13. Which of the following best completes the blank? One way to show people how their actions don’t, or won’t, meet their goals is to put them into the situation mentally. Most people are not visual enough to actually “see” it. If they are able to be open or patient enough to allow a picture to be painted for them, it is a powerful persuasive tool in general, and for relationships in specific. Melissa Feemster’s mother insisted on a videographer at Melissa’s wedding. Her parents were paying for the wedding. Melissa did not want a videographer. So she drew her mom a word picture of what videography would be like indoors: the bright, hot strobe lights, the cameras in people’s faces, the often poor quality compared to a top still photographer’s. And didn’t the notion of “capturing every moment,” as her mother put it, depend less on the type of camera than the eye of the photographer? And, unless there are five or six cameras, . Her mother agreed to hire a top still photographer instead. “The pictures were great,” said Melissa. ① the guests wouldn’t like to be pleased with the photos ② every moment wouldn’t be captured anyway ③ it is hard to hire a videographer and a still photographer ④ there is not much difference in the cost of hiring cameramen ⑤ the wedding would be a cost-saving occasion 14. Which of the following best completes the blank? Until recent decades, the American educational system stressed the common elements of American culture, history, and society. Students learned the story of how European settlers overcame great odds, prospered, and forged a unified nation out of diverse ethnic and racial elements. School curricula typically neglected the contributions of non-whites and non-Europeans to America’s historical, literary, artistic, and scientific development. Moreover, students learned little about the aspects of American history, many of which involved the use of force to create a strict racial hierarchy that persists to this day, albeit in modified form. ① hopeful ② steadfast ③ untrustworthy ④ less savory ⑤ more fragrant 2017년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 4 - 15. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word. Hitler changed from a confident, outgoing, and conscientious student to a morose, detached boy who constantly fought with his father and teachers. ① nomadic ② cordial ③ sullen ④ naughty ⑤ mirthful 16. Which of the following best completes the blank? “Erik, when are you going to repair the roof? You’ve been talking about it for a month now.” “Andrea, I wish you wouldn’t keep nagging me. I have every intention of getting to it this weekend.” “Sure. . How long are you going to keep putting it off?” “Well, something always comes up. I should be able to start it on Saturday morning.” “Let’s see what happens. I won’t say another word about it if you really mean what you say. I just get annoyed when your good intentions don’t lead to good actions.” “Have faith! I’ll do it this weekend for sure.” ① Speak of the devil ② A fool and his money are soon parted ③ The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree ④ A chain is only as strong as its weakest link ⑤ The road to hell is paved with good intentions 17. Choose the one that is grammatically correct. ① The building is 123th story high. ② A drowned man will catch at a straw. ③ Understanding a country’s culture is bewildered and complex. ④ Two uniformed officers nearby turned their heads. ⑤ An expensive book was belonging to this club was lost. 18. Which of the following is not grammatically correct? (A)A large and growing number of people are finding that virtual communities affect their identities in profound ways. Specifically, (B)because virtual communities allow interaction using concealed identities, people are free to assume new identities and are encouraged (C)to discover parts of themselves they were formerly unaware. In virtual communities, shy people can become bold, (D)normally assertive people can become voyeurs, old people can become young, (E)straight people can become gay, and women can become men. ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) 19. Which of the following is the best primary purpose of the passage? Sociobiology is a field of scientific study that is based on the hypothesis that social behavior has resulted from evolution and attempts to examine and explain social behavior within that context. It is a branch of biology that deals with social behavior, and also draws from ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology, population genetics, and other disciplines. Sociobiologists, the most well known of whom is Edward O. Wilson, contend that there is a biological basis for the social behavior of animals, and they test their hypotheses through observation of animals in situations. Species studied have varied as widely as to encompass both termites and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta; one of the best-known species of Old World monkeys). Sociobiologists further argue that students of human behavior cannot adequately account for the panoply of human nature through only such traditional variables as culture, ethnicity, and environment but must also include evolutionary processes. However, many scientists, notably Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin, have criticized this approach to the study of humans on a number of grounds: for example, that it is based on Eurocentric notions and that it is plagued by methodological problems. These detractors label it a pseudo-science because sociobiological theories are not falsifiable and thus, in this respect, are similar to alchemy or astrology. ① To rebut a sociobiological approach to the study of human behavior ② To endorse a sociobiological approach to the study of human behavior ③ To extol an influential scientific approach to the study of animal and human behavior ④ To verify a sociobiological approach to the study of termite colonies and rhesus macaques ⑤ To expound an influential approach to the study of animal and human behavior and discuss some objections to this approach 2017년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 5 - 20. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? The television show One versus One Hundred features a permanent gallery of one hundred ordinary people who serve as what is called the “mob.” Each week they match wits with a special invited guest. At stake is a million dollars. The guest has to be smart enough to answer more questions correctly than his or her one hundred adversaries—and (A) , few have ever seemed as superbly qualified as Christoper Langan. “Tonight the mob takes on their fiercest competition yet,” the voice-over began. “Meet Chris Langan, whom many call the smartest man in America.” The camera did a slow pan of a stocky, muscular man in his fifties. “The average person has an IQ of one hundred,” the voice-over continued. “Einstein one fifty. Chris has an IQ of one ninety-five. He’s currently wrapping his big brain around a theory of the universe. But will his king-size braincase be enough to (B) the mob for one million dollars? Find out right now on One versus One Hundred.” Out strode Langan onto the stage amid wild applause. (A) (B) ① in a close manner break up ② by that standard take down ③ over and above that give in to ④ in spite of that comply with ⑤ in a hesitant manner take aback 21. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? Since (A) creation, the Community of Democracies has aspired to actively engage in the promotion of democratic values and practices, whether through supporting countries in (B) first steps in the democratic world or helping experienced democracies with challenges and dilemmas. The Community realizes this mission by providing and supporting series of initiatives and mechanisms alongside its participating states and its partners. (A) (B) ① its our ② their their ③ its its ④ their its ⑤ its their 22. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? Visitors to the parched Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona and northern Mexico marvel at the many-armed giants that give the landscape its unique appearance. These are the giant saguaro cacti. In the dry, rugged desert a saguaro cactus can live for more than 200 years, grow to a height of 60 feet, and have as many as 50 arms. Amazingly, saguaro cacti persist despite the harsh, unforgiving desert climate. Those that have grown to old age have survived drought, freezes, flash floods, and brush fires, as well as the pack rats that eat their seedlings. Like all desert plants, saguaros hoard water. These leafless plants absorb the water through their long roots and store it for use during the desert’s long dry spells. Naturally, the mighty saguaro is a vital part of desert life. In fact, this giant may be home to many animals, including woodpeckers, owls, doves, bats, and insects. In addition, after a saguaro reaches the age of fifty or so, hardy flowers appear at the top of the plant once a year. These flowers entice birds, bats, and bees, who come for the nectar and for the tasty flowers with their black seeds. Although the regal saguaros are plentiful in the Southwest, they are, unfortunately, in danger. These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening, and poachers can earn thousands of dollars by uprooting them and selling them to nurseries. ① Saguaro cacti endure all kinds of weather conditions to grow up to 50 feet tall. ② Thanks to many leaves, saguaros can hold water enough to stand dry seasons. ③ Giant saguaros are home to birds and insects who come for the water of the cacti. ④ People can see flowers at the top of a saguaro annually after it is about 50 years old. ⑤ It is hard to find majestic saguaros in the Southwest, which tempt poachers to steal them. 2017년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 영 어 책형 가 - 6 - 23. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? Sequoya was a Cherokee Indian who invented an alphabet that enabled his people to read and write their own language. Sequoya was born in Tennessee in 1770, the son of an Indian mother and a white father. Sequoya was first a hunter, but after a hunting accident he became a trader. Sequoya had no education, but he knew that reading and writing were important. He began to work on an alphabet for the Cherokee language. In 1823, after 12 years of work, his alphabet was ready. It consisted of symbols for 85 sounds that make up the Cherokee language. Within a few months thousands of Cherokees learned to read and write using the new alphabet. Soon a Cherokee newspaper called The Phoenix was being published. Its columns carried news in both English and Cherokee. Sequoya became a teacher and moved to Oklahoma where he continued to teach the alphabet. Huge sequoia trees, known for their great size, grow in California and are named in his memory and honor. ① Born in Tennessee, Sequoya later moved to California. ② It took a dozen years for Sequoya to make the Cherokee alphabet. ③ The Cherokee alphabet consisted of 85 sounds that comprise the Cherokee language. ④ It took more than a year for Cherokees to learn the new alphabet. ⑤ Known for their longevity, sequoia trees are named after Sequoya. 24. Which of the following best completes the blank? The term Renaissance, literally means “rebirth” and is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation. The artist of the Renaissance was a(n) man. From his studio one could order a painting for the church altar, a carved wedding chest, a silver ewer, or a crucifix. Many of the well-known painters of that golden period were goldsmiths, armorers, workers in glass, enamel or iron. ① irascible ② obtuse ③ fatal ④ quandary ⑤ versatile 25. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? Pessimism is a state of mind in which one anticipates undesirable outcomes or believes that the evil or hardships in life outweigh the good or luxuries. Value judgments may vary dramatically between individuals, even when judgments of fact are (A) . The most common example of this phenomenon is the “Is the glass half empty or half full?” situation. The degree in which situations like these are evaluated as something good or something bad can be described in terms of one’s optimism or pessimism respectively. Throughout history, the pessimistic (B) has had effects on all major areas of thinking. A pessimist on an airplane is sure the plane is missing some essential part that won’t be noticed until it plummets from the sky. (A) (B) ① self-evident ignorance ② divergent attitude ③ different feature ④ undisputed disposition ⑤ diverse quality