2012 국회직 8급 영어 문제 해설 - 2012.7.14.

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2012 국회직 8급 영어 해설 심상대 (2017-09-30 / 831.1KB / 1,632회)

2012년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 2교시 영 어 책형 가 - 1 - Researchers put together most of a fetus's genome using a mother's blood and father's saliva, heralding an era when parents might know much more about a child long before its birth. As consumers develop more sophisticated tastes for coffee, a shift has been observed in the countries of origin. Imports of Robusta from Vietnam, largely used for instant coffee, accounted for 13.8 percent of total amount last year, down from 34.8 percent in 2008. In contrast, imports of high-end Arabica coffee from Latin America posted huge growth. Korea imported the largest amount of coffee worth $100 million from Brazil this year, followed by Colombia ($91 million), Vietnam ($71 million), Honduras ($65 million) and Peru ($29 million). 영 어 ※ [1～2] Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. 1. ① recalling ② depositing ③ opposing ④ revoking ⑤ foreshadowing 2. ① upmarket ② designer label ③ high profit margin ④ produced in high altitude ⑤ roasted in high temperature 3. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? Sub-Saharan Africa faces the problem of (A) of its resource base in an acute form. Many causes and effects have come together there to produce excessive demands on the environment, leading to expansion of the desert. Overgrazing, fuelwood gathering, and destructive cropping practices are the principal immediate causes of a series of (B) from open woodland, to scrub, to fragile semiarid range, to worthless weeds and bare earth. (A) (B) ① optimization transfers ② reclamation reactions ③ dissolution reformations ④ exhaustion transitions ⑤ disintegration improvements 4. Which of the following best completes the blank? John Elderfield, former chief curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, remembers the days when scholars spoke freely about whether a particular work was genuine. They were ______________, this was their field of expertise, and a curator like Kirk Varnedoe, Mr. Elderfield’s predecessor at the Modern, would think nothing of offering his view of a drawing attributed to Rodin, his specialty. ① concierges ② philistines ③ cognoscenti ④ supervisors ⑤ dilettantes 5. Choose the underlined part that is NOT grammatically correct. Vacations were once the prerogative of the privileged few, ①even as late as the 19th century. Now they are considered the right of all, ②except for such unfortunate masses as the bulk of China's and India's population, ③for whom life, save for sleep and brief periods of rest, is uninterrupted toil. Vacations are more necessary now than before because today the average life is less well-rounded and ④become increasingly compartmentalized. I suppose the idea of vacations, as we conceive it, ⑤must be incomprehensible to primitive peoples. 6. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? In evolutionary biology, an organism is said to behave altruistically when its behaviour benefits other organisms, at a cost to itself. The costs and benefits are measured in terms of reproductive fitness, or expected number of offspring. So by behaving altruistically, an organism reduces the number of offspring it is likely to produce itself, but boosts the number that other organisms are likely to produce. This biological notion of altruism is not identical to the everyday concept. In everyday parlance, an action would only be called ‘altruistic’ if it was done with the conscious intention of helping another. But in the biological sense there is no such requirement. Indeed, some of the most interesting examples of biological altruism are found among creatures that are (presumably) not capable of conscious thought at all, e.g. insects. For the biologist, it is the consequences of an action for reproductive fitness that determine whether the action counts as altruistic, not the intentions, if any, with which the action is performed. ① Natural Selection of Darwinism ② How Animals Help Each Other ③ A New Trend in Biology ④ Evolutional Biology ⑤ Biological Altruism 2012년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 2교시 영 어 책형 가 - 2 - 7. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? Popular culture in Africa is a dynamic mixture of global and local influences. Kwaito, the latest craze in South Africa, sounds a lot like rap from the United States. A closer listen, however, reveals an incorporation of local rhythms, lyrics in Zulu and Xhosa, and themes about life in the postapartheid townships. Logos, Nigeria, has emerged as Africa's film capital. Referred to as Nollywood because over 500 films a year are made there, most are shot in a few days and with budgets of $10,000. These pulp movies are often criticized for being exploitive imitations of Hollywood B-movies. Yet the African movies touch on themes that resonate with Africans such as religion, ethnicity, corruption, witchcraft, and ritual killings. They can be seen all over English-speaking Africa. Recently, television viewers in Addis Ababa were able to phone in their votes for “Ethiopian Idols,” inspired by similar shows in the United Kingdom and the United States. ① Popular culture in Africa, in particular music, is unique in that it is still free from global influences. ② Despite low budgets, African films are made after a long and painstaking effort and procedure. ③ Recent African films boast of their independence from the influences from Hollywood. ④ African movies, even at a low level, have managed to reflect the themes that touch on the hearts of African people. ⑤ The recent success of “Ethiopian Idols” inspired Hollywood producers to make a movie about it. 8. Choose the most appropriate spot for the following sentence. Yet NBC may well have been right to share the package's contents with the public. Should NBC News have broadcast the videotaped tirade mailed in a package by the mass murderer, the Virginia Tech University student who shot and killed 32 people and then himself on April 16, 2007? Many said absolutely not and strongly criticized NBC for its decision. [A] There are, however, arguments that can be made in support of NBC's choice. Those who opposed the decision to air a homicidal maniac's disturbed and often incoherent ramblings accused the network of using sensational journalism to boost its ratings and profits, thereby damaging its reputation as a respected news source. [B] For two days a shocked and grieving nation had wanted to know why the man went on such a deadly rampage. [C] Letting himself reveal to the world his disturbed state of mind certainly didn't answer that question. But the broadcast did reveal the massacre to be the work of just one very sick young man. [D] Thus, to some degree, it allayed the nation's fear of terrorist and conspiratorial plots and served a useful purpose. [E] ① [A] ② [B] ③ [C] ④ [D] ⑤ [E] ※ [9～10] Read the following passage and answer the questions. (A) In a new five-year federal endeavor, the Human Microbiome Project, which has been compared to the Human Genome Project, 200 scientists at 80 institutions sequenced the genetic material of bacteria taken from nearly 250 healthy people. (B) No one really knew much about them. They are essential for human life, needed to digest food, to synthesize certain vitamins, to form a barricade against disease-causing bacteria. But what do they look like in healthy people, and how much do they vary from person to person? (C) But now researchers have taken a detailed look at another set of bacteria that may play even bigger roles in health and disease: the 100 trillion good bacteria that live in or on the human body. (D) For years, bacteria have had a bad name. They are the cause of infections, of diseases. They are something to be scrubbed away, things to be avoided. (E) They discovered more strains than they had ever imagined ― as many as a thousand bacterial strains on each person. And each person's collection of microbes, the microbiome, was different from the next person's. To the scientists' surprise, they also found genetic signatures of disease-causing bacteria ______________ in everyone's microbiome. But instead of making people ill, or even infectious, these disease-causing microbes simply live peacefully among their neighbors. 9. Which of the following is the most logical sequence of the five paragraphs? ① A-B-E-D-C ② A-E-B-C-D ③ B-D-C-E-A ④ B-E-D-C-A ⑤ D-C-B-A-E 10. Which of the following best completes the blank? ① lurking ② multiplying ③ dissolving ④ evaporating ⑤ disappearing 2012년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 2교시 영 어 책형 가 - 3 - The supercilious art dealer rolled her eyes when we asked if she had anything for under $1,000. The prekindergarten program is far more expensive in New York than it is elsewhere, and oversight by the city and state has often been lax, according to interviews with officials, regulators and contractors. A survey of some of the world's richest countries suggests that India ranks the worst for women, coming even lower than Saudi Arabia. The poll, by the Thomson Reuters Foundation, looked at a range of factors, from women's education and health care to job opportunities and violence against women. India scored poorly largely because of such practices as under-age marriage, dowry-abuse, domestic violence and female feticide. The country's Domestic Violence Act, passed seven years ago, was described as progressive. But gender violence fuelled by social prejudice against girls does persist, especially in low income families. ※ [11～12] Read the following passage and answer the questions. Two Australian Olympic swimmers who posted pictures on Facebook of themselves brandishing weapons have been ordered to take them down by the country's swimming authorities. The image, taken in a gun shop in Santa Clara, California, showed Nick D'Arcy with two pistols standing next to Kenrick Monk who is holding two shotguns across his chest, according to a Friday report in Australia's Herald Sun. The swimmers were training in the U.S. ahead of the Olympic Games in London later this year. Swimming Australia said in a statement that it does not condone “the posting of inappropriate content on Facebook, Twitter or any social media platform.” As of Friday morning, neither of the swimmers' Facebook pages or Twitter accounts contained the photo. “It was all just meant to be a bit of fun, the photos were just a bit of fun,” D'Arcy told local media after returning to Australia. “If anyone's been offended, I deeply apologize. It was never the intent; it was never supposed to be offensive.” Dozens of fans have posted on Monk's public Facebook page saying they support the athletes and that Swimming Australia had blown the photo out of proportion. Swimming Australia said they will be speaking with both athletes regarding the incident. While the pair faces possible Olympic sanctions, D'Arcy has been embroiled in controversy in the past. In 2008, he was dropped from the Beijing Olympic team following an assault charge for hitting teammate Simon Cowley and breaking his jaw, the Australian Daily Telegraph reported at the time. Both swimmers were named in Australia's team in March. 11. Which of the following does the incident refer to? ① meaning to be fun ② keeping making excuses ③ blowing the photo out of proportion ④ dropping from the Beijing Olympic team ⑤ posting the inappropriate photo on Facebook 12. Which of the following is NOT stated or implied by the above passage? ① The photo shows the two swimmers each holding two guns. ② The controversial photo was taken when the athletes were training in London. ③ Swimming Australia does not allow the posting of inappropriate photos online. ④ The two athletes may be punished for their misdemeanor. ⑤ The Olympic swimmers have already taken down the controversial photo from Facebook. ※ [13～15] Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. 13. ① attentive ② ceaseless ③ accelerating ④ derelict ⑤ augmented 14. ① lofty ② competent ③ serious-looking ④ unpretentious ⑤ costly 15. ① discrimination ② sexual harassment ③ abortion ④ genocide ⑤ exploitation 2012년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 2교시 영 어 책형 가 - 4 - 16. Which of the following best completes the blanks (A) and (B)? Informality is the norm in Israel. People introduce themselves to strangers using only first names. First names are used between employees and employers, school children and their teachers, and soldiers and their commanders. Israelis seek to (A) status and power distance between individuals, and they have little patience for formality or protocol, for complicated ritual and procedure. This informality is associated with a display of openness and frankness that encourages people to speak their minds and offer their opinions free to another without feeling that they are being (B) for doing so. (A) (B) ① deemphasize presumptuous ② consolidate stubborn ③ foster arrogant ④ accumulate patronizing ⑤ disregard compensated 17. Choose the underlined part that is NOT grammatically correct. The business context is increasingly intercultural. ①Just as those working and receiving services in the health care and educational contexts must look to the development of competent intercultural communication, ②intercultural competence in our work lives is a critical asset. ③Commerce and trade are global and affect us daily life. ④Indeed, bookstores now regularly stock reference materials that provide insights into specific cultures and suggest some of the dos and don'ts of conducting business with individuals from those cultures. ⑤Just look at your possessions and you will see ample evidence of the products that have crossed national and cultural boundaries. People, however, are the key ingredients in the intercultural business world. 18. Which of the following best completes the blank? In the second half of the 19th century, nations increasingly linked their emerging identities with competition for world power. As well as bringing power and prestige to a nation, colonies were a source of valuable raw materials, markets for industrial goods and, in some cases, strategically vital naval bases. Influence in the world meant economic power. , imperialism was underpinned by the presumptions of 19th century social science, which lent intellectual cover to imperialist ventures. At its simplest, imperialism was perceived, or at least presented, in paternalistic terms. The self-image of British imperialism, for example, was that of the world's greatest empire nurturing the development of subject peoples around the globe until such time as they would be ready to govern themselves ― although of course only Britain would be able to determine when this might be. ① As a result ② Nonetheless ③ For example ④ However ⑤ Furthermore 19. Which of the following best completes the blank? Early studies of bilingualism tended to associate it with lowered intelligence, and it is unsurprising that many of them were conducted, in America, at a time of great concern with the flood of immigrants from Europe. The story of intelligence-testing movement itself, which flourished at this time, is a fascinating and detailed one, as well as an example of the misuse of 'science' allied to ignorance and prejudice. Suffice it to say here that the 'objective' intelligence tests of the time reflected a very culture-bound ideal and, consequently, immigrants ― especially those who were non-white, non-English -speaking, non-educated, and so on ― did not fare well. In such a climate, that the 'feeble-minded' immigrants (or hopefuls) were handicapped by their languages, and that the greater their use of English, the higher their measured intelligence. One well-known study concluded, for example, that the use of a foreign language in the home is one of the chief factors in producing mental retardation. ① it is easy to see ② it is highly implausible to imagine ③ many politicians complained ④ the power of English became so weak ⑤ scientists couldn't realize 2012년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 2교시 영 어 책형 가 - 5 - 20. Which of the following is the natural tendency of governments, according to the passage? In the long run a government will always encroach upon freedom to the extent to which it has the power to do so; this is almost a natural law of politics, since whatever the intentions of the men who exercise political power, the sheer momentum of government leads to a constant pressure upon the liberties of the citizen. But in many countries society has responded by throwing up its own defenses in the shape of social classes or organized corporations which, enjoying economic power and popular support, have been able to set limits to the scope of action of the executive. Such, for example, in England was the origin of all our liberties ― won from government by the stand first of the feudal nobility, then of churches and political parties, and latterly of trade unions, commercial organizations, and the societies for promoting various causes. ① to suppress churches and trade unions ② to exert more power on individuals ③ to increase individual liberties ④ to promote social welfare ⑤ to enjoy economic power ※ [21] Read the following passage and answer the question. In a very broad sense, legislation plays the same role in civil law countries as judicial decisions play in common law countries. Legislative rules provide the starting point from which lawyers and judges work toward their goal, the most just solution for the problem at hand. Usually the statute provides a clear answer to the problem. In those cases, the statute is strictly applied, more because it is just than because it is a statute. Because of this it often appears that legislation is the law and the judge's role is simply to apply automatically the ready-made solutions provided by the legislature. Nevertheless, there are a great many cases where the judge's role is far more creative. 21. When civil law lawyers and judges strictly apply a statute, it is usually because _______________________________________. ① it provides a just solution to a problem ② statutes are laws and they must be obeyed ③ the judge's role is restricted to automatic application ④ flexible application of the statute is prohibited ⑤ the role of the civil law judiciary is never really creative ※ [22～23] Read the following passage and answer the questions. (A) It has become commonplace to report that America is in the midst of an epidemic of obesity. Recent studies have shown that almost a third of the country's children are overweight or obese. (B) But it's all part of a growing campaign to fight obesity. Last week, in the first move of its kind by an American city, the Mayor of New York, Michael Bloomberg, proposed a ban on the sale of sugary drinks over 480 milliliters in size at restaurants, food trucks, cinemas and sports arenas. It's a controversial step ― one poll over the weekend found that 53% of New Yorkers think it's a bad idea. (C) Part of the problem is advertising. Manufacturers of junk food and sugary drinks spend around a billion dollars a year on commercials directed at children under twelve years old. The Walt Disney Company says it will no longer be a part of this. Under new rules, its TV and radio channels, as well as its websites, will have to abide by new standards. (D) Inevitably, there is scepticism about Disney's move. The new rules won't come into effect for another three years and much will depend on how Disney actually defines junk food. 22. Which of the following is the most logical sequence of the four paragraphs? ① A-B-C-D ② A-C-B-D ③ A-C-D-B ④ B-C-D-A ⑤ B-D-A-C 23. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? ① The Walt Disney Company will not sell junk food and sugary drinks to children under twelve years old. ② The Walt Disney Company will not sell sugary drinks over 480 milliliters. ③ There are some people who are incredulous at the Disney's new policy. ④ New Yorkers will not be able to buy sugary drinks in sports arenas. ⑤ Over half of New Yorkers approve of the Mayor's idea. 2012년도 8급 공개경쟁채용시험 2교시 영 어 책형 가 - 6 - ※ [24～25] Read the following passage and answer the questions. Two paragraphs into Debra Prinzing and David E. Perry's book, “The 50 Mile Bouquet,” the facts of the flower growing industry are laid out quite clear: the $40 billion business is dominated by corporations that import their flower bouquets from overseas. With such a huge portion of the flower industry held by corporate interests, Prinzing, a freelance home design writer, and Perry, a floral-minded photographer, set about the country searching for flower farmers who followed the rule of the “50-mile bouquet.” In the book's case, the author and photographer interviewed farmers they felt embodied the “slow flower movement.” The idea takes its cues from the slow food movement: locally sourced ingredients and locally grown, cut and sold flowers. The 50 miles in the book's title comes from the maximum desired distance to obtain ingredients for a local bouquet. Although 50 was the number chosen, 100 also was considered. They considered 100 largely because it was synonymous with the similar food diet in which people are limited to eat only food grown within 100 miles of their home. “We twisted it into the floral world,” Prinzing said. “Floral designs have to source their ingredients from no more than 50 miles away. We tried a few different numbers but we landed on 50.” 24. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? ① The flower growing industry is subdued by companies which import flowers from other countries. ② The idea for the book took its cues from the slow food movement. ③ The slow food movement means people only eat food grown locally. ④ The authors once considered different numbers for the book title. ⑤ The authors interviewed farmers who lived within 50 miles from their homes. 25. Which of the following best completes the blank? ① initial ② eventual ③ even ④ median ⑤ harmonic